Rome went from being one of many city-states in 340 BC to being master of the entire peninsula by 264. The rise of Rome 5) Italy before Roman conquest This wasn’t an idle concern - coups and civil wars were a recurrent problem for the empire. Border provinces needed armies to defend against invasion, and emperors worried that if these troops were put under the control of someone not personally loyal to the emperor, that person could try to seize power and proclaim himself emperor. In contrast, border provinces were run by governors named directly by the emperor. In Trajan’s time, provinces in the interior of the country were run by governors chosen by the Senate, a legislative body run by leading aristocrats. There were 46 provinces under Trajan, a figure that would grow to 96 by the reign of Diocletian (285–305). The number of provinces changed over time as territories were gained or lost, and as larger provinces were divided into smaller ones. To aid in administration, it was divided into provinces. The Roman Empire reached its greatest size under the reign of Trajan in 117 AD.
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